Acronyms

A5: Arctic five (US, Canada, Denmark, Russia, Norway)
AAA: Antarctic Astronomy and Astrophysics
AAC: Arctic Athabaskan Council
AACA: Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic
AANDC: Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada
AARI: Arctic Antarctic Research Institute
ABA: Arctic Biodiversity Assessment
ABDS: Arctic Biodiversity Data Service
AC: Arctic Council
ACAP: Arctic Contaminants Action Program (Arctic Council Working Group)
ACBio: Arctic Coastal Biodiversity
ACCO-NET: Arctic Circumpolar Coastal Observatory Network
ACD: Arctic Coastal Dynamics
ACE: Arctic Climate Evolution
ACGF: Arctic Coast Guard Forum
ACIA: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
ACOPS: Advisory Committee on Protection of the Seas
ACS: Arctic Council Secretariat
ADD: International Arctic Environmental Data Directory
ADMAP: Antarctic Digital Magnetic Anomaly Project
AEC: Arctic Economic Council
AEF: Arctic Energy Forum
AEPS: Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy
AFoPS: Asian Forum for Polar Science
AG: Action Group
AGCS: Antarctica in the Global Climate System
AHDR: Arctic Human Development Report
AHDR: II Arctic Human Development Report II
AHHEG: Arctic Human Health Expert Group
AIA: Aleut International Association
AINA: Arctic Institute of North America
AMAP Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (Arctic Council Working Group)
AMATII: Arctic Maritime and Aviation Transportation Infrastructure Initiative
AMBI: Arctic Migratory Birds Initiative
AMD: Antarctic Master Directory
AMSA: Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment
AMSP: Arctic Marine Strategic Plan
AMTP: Arctic Maritime Tourism Project
ANTPAS: Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Permafrost, Periglacial and Soil Environments
ANWR: Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
AO: Arctic Oscillation
AOA: Arctic Ocean Acidification
AOMIP: Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project
AON: Arctic Observing Network
AOOGG: Arctic Offshore Oil and Gas Guidelines
AORF: Arctic Offshore Regulators´ Forum
AOR: Arctic Ocean Review
AOSB: Arctic Ocean Science Board
AP: Arctic Portal
APECS: Association of Polar Early Career Scientists
APEX: Arctic Palaeoclimate and its Extremes
APPLICATE: Advanced prediction in polar regions and beyond
ARCMIP: Arctic Regional Climate Model Intercomparison Project
Arctic-HYDRA: Arctic Hydrological Cycle Monitoring, Modelling and Assessment Program
ARCUS: Arctic Research Consortium of the United States
AREA: Arctic Renewable Energy Atlas
ARENA: Arctic Remote Energy Networks Academy
ARICE: Arctic Research Icebreaker Consortium
ARR / ARA: Arctic Resilience Report / Arctic Resilience Assessment
ASDS: Arctic Shipping Data Service
ASSW: Arctic Science Summit Week
ASTD: Arctic Ship Traffic Data
ASTI: Arctic Species Trend Index
ATCM: Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings
ATS: Antarctic Treaty System
AWI: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
AWPPA: Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act
AWRH: Association of World Reindeer Herders
BAT: Best Available Techniques
BCM: Black Carbon and Methane
BEAC: Barents Euro Arctic Council
BEAR: Barents Euro Arctic Region
BEP: Best Environmental Practice
BipAG: Joint Bipolar Action Group
BIS: Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (UK)
BP: British Petroleum
BSSN: Bering Sea Sub-network
C&O group: Communications and Outreach group
CAA: Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration
CAA: Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration
CAFF: Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (Arctic Council Working Group)
CALM: Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring
CAML: Census of Antarctic Marine Life
CAPP: Carbon Pools in Permafrost Region
CAPS: Circumpolar Active-Layer Permafrost System
CARC: Canadian Arctic Resources Committee
CARCMIP: Coupled Arctic Regional Climate Model Intercomparison Project
CARMA: Circum-Arctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment Program
CAT-B: Circum-Arctic Terrestrial Biodiversity Initiative
CAVM: Circum-Arctic Vegetation Map
CBird: The Circumpolar Seabird Expert Group
CBD: Convention on Biological Diversity
CBM: Community-Based Monitoring
CBMP: Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program
CBSS: Council of the Baltic Sea States
CCAMLR: Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
CCGS: Canadian Coast Guard Ship
CCU: Circumpolar Conservation Union
CEA: Centre d‘Etudes Arctiques
CEARC: Centre Européen Arctique
CEMG: Coastal Expert Monitoring Group
CEON: Circum-Arctic Environmental Observatories Network
CFG: Circumpolar Flora Group
CFP: Common Fisheries Policy
CIAO: China Iceland Arctic Observatory
CICERO: Center for International and Environmental Research
CIDA: Canadian International Development Agency
CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
CLCS: Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf
CLEO: Circumpolar Local Environmental Observer Network
CliC: Climate in the Cryosphere
CLIVAR: Climate Variability and Predictability
CNARC: China-Nordic Arctic Research Centre
CNRS: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)
COMAAR: Co-ordination of Observation and Monitoring of the Arctic for Assessment and Research
COMNAP: Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs
COP15: 15th Conference of Parties (to the Kyoto Protocol)
CORE: Centre for Offshore Research & Engineering
CP: Le Cercle Polaire
CPAN: Circumpolar Protected Areas Network
CPAR: Conference of Parliamentarians of the Arctic Region
CRDF: U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation
CReSIS: Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets
CRREL: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center's Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab
DAMOCLES: Developing Arctic Modeling and Observing Capabilities for Longterm Environmental Studies
DC: Davis Corridor
DCE: Designated/contributing Expert
DECC: Department of Energy and Climate Change (UK)
DEFRA: Department for Food and Rural Affairs (UK)
DFAIT: Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (Canada)
DND: Department of National Defence (Canada)
DWT: Dead Weight Tonnes
EA: Ecosystem Approach
EALLU: Arctic Indigenous Youth, Climate Change and Food Culture
EBA: Evolution of Biodiversity in Antarctica
EBM: Ecosystem Based Management
EBSAs: Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas
EC: European Commission
EC: European Community
ECONOR: Economy of the North
ECS: Early Career Scientist
EEZ: Exclusive Economic Zone
EFTA: European Free Trade Agreement
EG: Expert Group
EGPPE: Expert Group on Permafrost and Periglacial Environments
EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment
EMSO: Europian Multi-disciplinary Seafloor Observation
ENGO: Environmental Non Governmental Organizations
EOC: Education, Outreach and Communication
EoI: Expression of Interest
EP: European Parliament
EPB: European Polar Board
EPICA: European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica
EPPR: Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response
ERMA: The Environmental Response Management Application
ERP: Event-Related Potentials
ESF: European Science Foundation
ESFRI: European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures
EU: European Union
EUFAR: European Fleet for Airborne Research
EU-ICEMASS: European Response of Arctic Ice Masses to Climate Change
EUSCO: European Science Coordination Office
EU-SPICE: Space-borne Measurements of Arctic Glaciers and Implications for Sea Level
FARO: Forum of Arctic Research Operators
FC: Fram Corridor
FCO: UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office
FCZ: Fisheries Conservation Zone
FEMG: Freshwater Expert Monitoring Group
FP7: European Commission Seventh Framework Programme
FP8: European Commission Eight Framework Programme
FPSO: Floating Production Storage and Offloading
GCI: Gwich´in Council International
GCM: General Circulation Model
GDP: Gross Domestic Product
GEF: Global Environmental Facilities
GEGA: Groupe d‘Etude sur la Gouvernance Arctique (France)
GIANT: Geodetic Infrastructure of Antarctica
GIS: Geographic Information System
GPS: Global Positioning System
HAIS: Heads of Arctic and Antarctic IPY 2007-2008 Secretariats
HARC: Human Dimension of the Arctic System
HDI: Human Development Index
HFO: Heavy Fuel Oil
HHAG: Human Health Assessment Group
Horizon2020: was the EU's research and innovation funding programme from 2014-2020 with a budget of nearly €80 billion.
Horizon Europe: is the European Union’s (EU’s) key funding programme for research and innovation, with a budget of more than €95 billion.
HoD: Head of Delegation
HSEMS: Health Safety and Environmental Management Systems
iAOOS: Integrated Arctic Ocean Observing System
IARC: International Arctic Research Center
IARPC: Interagency Arctic Research and Policy Committee
IASC: International Arctic Science Committee
IASOA: International Arctic Systems for Observing the Atmosphere
IASSA: International Arctic Social Science Association
IBP: International Biological Program
IBSCO: International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean
ICARP: International Conference on Arctic Research Planning
ICC: Inuit Circumpolar Council
ICESTAR: Interhemispheric Conjugacy in Solar-Terrestrial and Aeronomy Research
ICG: International Contract Group
ICPM: International Commission on Polar Meteorology
ICSU: International Council for Science
IEA: International Energy Agency
IFRC: International Federation of Red Cross & Red Crescent Societies
IGO: Intergovernmental Organization
IGOS: Intergrated Global Observing Strategy
IGPB: International Geosphere Biosphere Program
IHDP: International Human Dimensions Program on Global Environmental Change
IHWMS: Integrated Hazardous Waste Management Strategy
ILO: International Labour Organisation
IMAU: Institute for Marine Atmospheric Research Utrecht
IMO: International Maritime Organisation
IMS: Internet Map Serving
INSROP: International Northern Sea Route Programme
INTAS: International Association for the Promotion of Co-operation with Scientists from the New Independent States of the Former Soviet Union
IODP: International Ocean Drilling Program
IPA: International Permafrost Association
IPAB: International Program of Antarctic Buoys
IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change
IPEV: L'Institut polaire française Paul-Emile Victor
IPICS: International Partnerships in Ice Core Science
IPIECA: International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association
IPO: International Program Office
IPS: Indigenous Peoples Secretariat
IPY: International Polar Year
IPY JC: International Polar Year Joint Committee
IPYDIS: International Polar Year Data and Information Service
IR: International Relations
ISA: International Seabed Authority
ISAC: International Study of Arctic Change
ISIRA: International Science Initiative in the Russian Arctic
ISMASS: Ice Sheet Mass Balance and Sea Level
ITC: Inuit Tapirisat of Canada
ITEX: International Tundra Experiment
ITK: Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami
IUCH: International Union for Circumpolar Health
IUCN: International Union for the Conservation of Nature
IUCP: International University Course on Permafrost
IWGIA: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
JAMSTEC: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
JANSROP: Japan Northern Sea Route Programme
JARE: Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition
JAXA: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
JCADM: Joint SCAR/COMNAP Committee on Antarctic Data Mangement
JCAR: Japan Consortium for Arctic Environmental Research
JOGMEC: Japan Oil, Gas, and Metals National Corporation
KNE: Key National Expert
LME: Large Marine Ecosystem
LNG: Liquefied Natural Gas
LOICS: Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone
LOIRA: Land-Ocean Interactions in the Russian Arctic
LTO: Long-term Observing
MA: Millenium Ecosystem Assessment
MAGICS: Mass Balance of Arctic Glaciers and Ice Sheets in Relation to the Climate and Sea-level Changes
MARPOL: Convention on the Prevention of Pollution by Ships
MAST: Map of Sediment Thickness
MEMA: Meaningful Engagement of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities in Marine Activities
MEP: Member of European Parliament
MFA: Ministry of Foreign Affairs
MMPA: Marine Mammals Protection Act (USA)
MOSPA: Agreement on Cooperation on Marine Oil Pollution Preparedness and Response in the Arctic
MoU: Memorandum of Understanding
MP: Member of Parliament
MPA: Maritime and Port Authority
MT: Metric Tonnes
NAFO: Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization
NAFTA: North American Free Trade Agreement
NAMMCO: North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission
NARSEC: Network on Arctic Rapid Social-Ecological Change
NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASCO: North American Science Coordination Office
NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
NCM: Nordic Council of Ministers
ND: Northern Dimension (EU)
NDFP: Northern Dimension of Canadian Foreign Policy
NEAFC: North East Atlantic Fisheries Convention
NEFCO: Nordic Environment Finance Corporation
NEP: Northeast Passage
NERC: Natural Environment Research Council (UK)
NF: Northern Forum
NGO: Non-Governmental Organization
NICOP: Ninth International Conference on Permafrost
NILU: Norwegian Institute for Air Research
NIPR: National Institute of Polar Research (Japan)
NMC: Northern Maritime Corridor
NOAA: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NORA: Nordic Atlantic Cooperation
NORAD: North American Air Defence Command
NORDEFCO: Nordic Defense Cooperation
NPC: Northern Pacific Corridor
NRF: Northern Research Forum
NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center
NSR: Northern Sea Route
NWP: Northwest Passage
NWT: Northwest Territories
O&G: Oil and Gas
OECD: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
OGA: Oil and Gas Assessment
OME: Offshore and Marine Engineering
OPRC: International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response
OPRF: Ocean Policy Research Foundation (Japan)
OSPAR: Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment
PA: Polar Ambassador
PAG: Pacific Arctic Group
PAME: Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (Arctic Council Working Group)
PAN: Polar Archeology Network
PAP: People‘s Action Party (Singapore)
PCB: Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment
PI: Principle Investigator
PM: Prime Minister
PMO: Prime Minister‘s Office
POPs: Persistent Organic Pollutants
PP: Permanent Participants
PSI: Project Support Instrument
PTS: Persistent Toxic Substances
PYRN: Permafrost Young Researchers Network
RAIPON: Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North
RAISE: Russian-American Initiative on Shelf-Land Environments
RAS: Russian Academy of Sciences
RB: Regional Board
RCN: Research Council of Norway
RFE: Russian Far East
RFMO: Regional Fisheries Management Organization
RPA: Regional Programme of Action
RRFP: Regional Reception Facilities Plan
SALE: Sub Glacial Antarctic Lake Exploration
SAM: Survey of Arctic Meetings
SAMBR: State of the Arctic Marine Biodiversity Report
SAO: Senior Arctic Official
SAOC: SAO Chair (Chair of the Senior Arctic Officials)
SAON: Sustaining Arctic Observation Network
SAON-IG: Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks - Initiating Group
SAR: Search and Rescue
SC: Steering Committee
SCANNET: Scandinavian and Northern Europian Network of Terrestrial Field Bases
SCAR: Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
SCO: Science Coordination Office
SCOR: Scientific Committee for Oceanic Research
SCPAR: Standing Committee of Parliamentarians of the Arctic Region
SCTF: Task Force on Enhancing Scientific Cooperation in the Arctic
SDF: Japan Maritime Self Defense Force
SDI: Spatial Data Infrastructure
SDWG: Sustainable Development Working Group (Arctic Council)
SEARCH: Study of Environmental Arctic Change
SECEG: Social, Economic and Cultural Expert Group
SFT: Norwegian Pollution Control Authority
SIKU: Sea Ice Knowledge and Use in the North
SIPRI: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
SLCF: Short-lived climate forcers
SLCF EG: Short Lived Climate Pollutants Expert Group
SMC: Singapore‘s Maritime Cluster
SNACS: Study of the North Alaska Coastal System
SNP: Scottish National Party
SOE: State Owned Enterprises
SOF: Ship and Ocean Foundation
SOLAS: Safety of Life at Sea (IMO)
SOOS: Southern Ocean Observing System
SPRS: Swedish Polar Research Secretariat
SRP: Scientific Research Program
SSF: Svalbard Science Forum
SSG: Scientific Steering Group
STCW: Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers
SWIPA: Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic
TAWEPI: THORPEX Arctic Weather and Environmental Prediction Initiative
TBD / TBC: To be determined / To be considered
TFAMC: Task Force on Arctic Marine Cooperation
TFBCM: Task Force on Black Carbon and Methane
TFCBF: Task Force to Facilitate the Circumpolar Business Forum
TFII: Task Force for Institutional Issues
TFOPP: Task Force on Arctic Marine Oil Pollution Prevention
TFTIA: Task Force on Telecommunications Infrastructure in the Arctic
THORPEX: The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment
TLK: Traditional and local knowledge
TNC: Transnational Corporations
ToR: Terms of Reference
TPP: Trans Polar Passage
TSP: Thermal State of Permafrost
TSR: Transpolar Sea Route
TTI: Tundra Taiga Interface
U.S.: NSF United States National Science Foundation
U.S. PRB: United States Polar Research Board
UAF: University of Alaska Fairbanks
UArctic: University of the Arctic
UAS: Unmanned Aircraft System
UDHR: Universal Declaration on Human Rights
UIT: University of Tromsø
UN: United Nations
UNCCD: United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
UNCED: United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
UNCLOS: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
UNCTAD: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDP: United Nations Development Programme
UNDRIP: United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
UNECE: United Nations European Economic Commission for Europe
UNEP: United Nations Environment Program
UNEP-WCMC: United Nations Environment Program World Conservation Monitoring Centre
UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UNIS: University of Svalbard
USGS: United States Geological Survey
USNC: for IPY United States National Committee for the International Polar Year 2007-2008
WASH: Improving Health in Arctic Communities through Safe and Affordable Access to Household Running Water and Sewer: Water, Sanitation and Health
WCED: World Commission on Environment and Development
WCRP: World Climate Research Program
WDGF: Walter and Duncan Gordon Foundation
WG: Working Group
WMD: Weapons of Mass Destruction
WMO: World Meteorological Organization
WWF: World Wide Fund for Nature