Arctic Portal Community
- New Horizons for the Northern Forum: Welcoming New Member...
New Horizons for the Northern Forum: Welcoming New Members, Goodwill Ambassadors, and Walter Hickel Medal Laureates!
July 28, 2025, at the XVI General Assembly of the Northern Forum in Khanty-Mansiysk, we are proud to announce a significant expansion of our family! These additions strengthen our mission for the sustainable development of northern regions and open new prospects for global partnership. - Nenets Autonomous Okrug Takes Over Northern Forum Chairma...
Nenets Autonomous Okrug Takes Over Northern Forum Chairmanship
The Nenets Autonomous Okrug has officially assumed the chairmanship of the Northern Forum. Ruslan Kukharuk, Governor of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, presented the symbol of chairmanship for 2025-2027 to Irina Gekht, Acting Governor of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. - XVI General Assembly of the Northern Forum
XVI General Assembly of the Northern Forum
Khanty-Mansiysk, July 28 this year – A landmark meeting of the Northern Forum Board of Governors successfully took place in the Amadeus Hall of the "Yugra-Classic" Concert and Theatre Center. The event brought together key representatives from Russia's northern regions and international partners to discuss pressing issues of sustainable development in the Arctic and northern territories. - IASC Atmosphere Working Group Proposals, Second Call 2025...
IASC Atmosphere Working Group Proposals, Second Call 2025 | Deadline 8 September
The IASC Atmosphere Working Group (AWG) is now opening a second call for proposals for their remaining funding in 2025 aimed at encouraging and supporting science-led international programmes by offering opportunities for planning and coordination, and by facilitating communication and access to facilities. Proposals should be submitted via this submission form. The deadline for proposal submission is 8 September 2025[…] - IASC Activity Report: 6th International PalaeoArc Conference
IASC Activity Report: 6th International PalaeoArc Conference
The 6th International PalaeoArc conference (PalaeoArc 2025) gathered 78 participants from 16 IASC countries, half of whom were Early Career Scientists (ECSs). The scientific schedule included two stimulating days of oral and poster presentations, separated by an energizing and engaging mid-conference excursion. PalaeoArc is an international and interdisciplinary research network bringing together scientists from different backgrounds, career stages, and disciplines. The[…] - AGU Session on Early Career Priorities for the Internatio...
AGU Session on Early Career Priorities for the International Polar Year (C012): Submit Your Abstract
With the 5th International Polar Year (IPY 2032–2033) already on the horizon, early career researchers have a unique opportunity to set the scientific and community agenda for a defining chapter in polar science. In preparation, we are excited to invite you to submit an abstract to AGU25 session: Early Career Priorities for the International Polar Year (C012). This session aims to[…] - Key-Note: The Territory as Source of First Nations’...
Key-Note: The Territory as Source of First Nations’, Identities - Linking Nature, Culture and the Climate
Jan Borm will give a key-note during the 2025 Atlantic Symposium of the Canadian Association on Water Quality (CAWQ), PEOPLE 2025 Challenges and Opportunities in Environmental Sustainability under Climate Change in St. John’s, Canada, on July 24, 2025, 13:30-15:00. - Dr Mary Blair addressed UN high level meeting on Science ...
Dr Mary Blair addressed UN high level meeting on Science today on Indigenous Knowledge, Transdisiplinary Research and The International Polar Year
Dr Mary Blair addressed UN high level meeting on Science today on Indigenous Knowledge, Transdisiplinary Research and The International Polar Year - IASC Activity Report: The Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation S...
IASC Activity Report: The Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Science Initiative for ICARP IV
The Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Science Initiative (CAVSI) is an international Arctic research effort motivated by widespread and accelerating changes to Arctic vegetation and the need to understand their ecological, climatic, and biodiversity impacts. The goal is to build an Arctic Vegetation Observing Network (AVON) that includes ground observations, mainly at existing sites where there are permanent vegetation plots, and to[…] - Alexandr Grigorev - new PhD fellow at MIARC
Alexandr Grigorev - new PhD fellow at MIARC
Malaurie Institute of Arctic Research Monaco-UVSQ welcomes Alexandr Gregorev as a new PhD student. His dissertation project is dedicated to “Queer Indigenous Identities in the Arctic”. - June’s Arctic-2030 BANHER events in the Yukon-Alask...
June’s Arctic-2030 BANHER events in the Yukon-Alaska Borderlands
In June 2025, the BANHER students from Trent, along with University of Tromso and Yukon University faculty continued the exploration of Yukon-Alaskan Arctic borderlands in a visit to Whitehorse, Skagway and the borderlands in between. They six-day research field trip began in Whitehorse where they explored the urban landscape of this small northern Canadian City, its infrastructure, architecture and public[…] - April’s Arctic-2030 BANHER events in Alaska
April’s Arctic-2030 BANHER events in Alaska
In April 2025, a group of Trent and University of Tromsø faculty and students continued the exploration of the Arctic borderlands in a visit to North America. At the end of the 2025 Winter semester, they travelled to Anchorage to begin an eight-day research field trip that took them from Whittier in the Prince William Sound to Homer, and the[…]
Shipping
- Merchant Navy Officer Slips While Boarding Ship & Dro...
Merchant Navy Officer Slips While Boarding Ship & Drowns To Death
An Indian Merchant Navy officer working with Navsug Marine Services, Chennai, died after he fell into the sea from a docked ship close to Indonesia’s Batam Island. - Rescue Mission Underway To Find U.S Sailor Who Went Overb...
Rescue Mission Underway To Find U.S Sailor Who Went Overboard From USS George Washington
A search and rescue effort is ongoing in the Timor Sea to find a U.S sailor said to have fallen from the aircraft carrier USS George Washington. - U.S Shipping Company Refuses To Carry Cars On Its Ships O...
U.S Shipping Company Refuses To Carry Cars On Its Ships Over Security Concerns
Matson, an American Shipping Company, has officially refused to accommodate electric cars as part of its cargo, amidst rising concerns over the safety of transporting electric vehicles by sea. - Shipping’s First Centrifugal Onboard Carbon Capture...
Shipping’s First Centrifugal Onboard Carbon Capture System Fitted On Scorpio Tanker
Carbon Ridge has achieved a shipping first after deploying a centrifugal onboard carbon capture system (OCCS) onboard an LR2 product tanker owned by Scorpio Tankers Inc. - CATL Powers China’s Largest Fully Electric Tourist ...
CATL Powers China’s Largest Fully Electric Tourist Boat, Yujian 77
World’s Biggest Battery Manufacturer, CATL, has powered China’s first fully electric offshore tourist ship, the Yujian 77. - Riot Police & Protestors Clash After Israeli Cruise S...
Riot Police & Protestors Clash After Israeli Cruise Ship Docks At Greek Island
Anti-war activists called for demonstrations after an Israeli cruise ship, the Crown Iris, made a stop at the island of Rhodes. - Chinese Submarine Rescue Ship Seen Sailing Towards Russia
Chinese Submarine Rescue Ship Seen Sailing Towards Russia
The incident coincided with Russian President Putin’s naval drills in the Baltic and Caspian Seas and the Pacific Ocean. - ISWAN’s Helpline Reveals Increase In Abuse & Ha...
ISWAN’s Helpline Reveals Increase In Abuse & Harassment of Yacht Crew
New data from ISWAN’s YachtCrewHelp helpline shows that yacht crew are increasingly seeking support with serious issues like abuse, bullying, harassment, etc. - 2 Children Dead & 2 Critical After Barge Collides Wit...
2 Children Dead & 2 Critical After Barge Collides With A Sailboat Near Miami Beach
In a tragic accident, two children who were part of the Miami Yacht Club’s Youth Sailing Program have died after a barge hit their sailboat. - World’s Largest Container Carrier Launches Its Firs...
World’s Largest Container Carrier Launches Its First Ship Management Company In China
To cement its presence in China, MSC Mediterranean Shipping Company has launched its first ship management company in the country on July 23, 2025. - Environmental Activists Prevent Cruise Ship from Docking ...
Environmental Activists Prevent Cruise Ship from Docking At Amsterdam Port
Members of Extinction Rebellion, an environmental group, carried out protests against the docking of a cruise ship in the Netherlands. - Houthis Have 10 Crew Members Of Cargo Ship Eternity C Tha...
Houthis Have 10 Crew Members Of Cargo Ship Eternity C That Sank Off Yemen
Yemen’s Houthis on Monday stated that they have 10 seafarers whom they rescued from the Greek-operated cargo ship Eternity C.
Climate Change
- Europe's road transport needs to shift gears towards...
Europe's road transport needs to shift gears towards sustainability
Growing transport volumes have been driving Europe’s road transport emissions up in the past two decades. A European Environment Agency (EEA) analysis, published today, shows how total greenhouse gas emissions from both passenger cars and heavy goods vehicles have increased in Europe, despite better engine efficiency and use of biofuels. - The looming threat for Maine’s iconic potato industry
The looming threat for Maine’s iconic potato industry
By Lori Valigra (Bangor Daily News) and Caitlin Looby (Climate Central) with Jen Brady (Climate Central) contributing to data reporting Maire Lenihan coaxes organic Keuka Gold potatoes into a washing machine at Goranson Farm in Dresden on Wednesday, April 20, 2022. Credit: Troy R. Bennett / BDN Maine farmer Ryan Guerrette irrigated his 1,200 acres of potatoes in Caribou more often in the past few years, when[…] - Ellis Island, lighthouses among historic NJ sites floodin...
Ellis Island, lighthouses among historic NJ sites flooding as seas rise
By Ayurella Horn-Muller (Climate Central ) and Andrew S. Lewis and Michael Sol Warren (NJ Spotlight News), with television segment by Brenda Flanagan (NJ Spotlight News) Read the Climate Central report, Future Flood Risk: Historic Sites in NJ. The Garden State’s history is starting to wash away. New Jersey as it exists today was built up over hundreds of years from the arrival[…] - Still rare in Iowa, electric car powers Des Moines family...
Still rare in Iowa, electric car powers Des Moines family’s home during blackouts
By Ayurella Horn-Muller (Climate Central) and Amber Alexander (NBC WHO 13 Des Moines) Kerri Johannsen was less than a week from giving birth to her second child when a derecho wielding winds up to 100 mph swept through Iowa. Johannsen’s power went out for four days. “It was hot,” she said. “We were just trying to manage.” The Des Moines[…] - Storied Maine ski resort bets future on reining in high c...
Storied Maine ski resort bets future on reining in high costs of warmer winters
By Lori Valigra and Elizabeth Miller A skier jumps into the air in front of a large snow-making machine at Shawnee Peak in Bridgton on Wednesday, Feb. 16, 2022. Modern advances in snow-making technology are helping Maine ski areas stay open despite the warming climate. Credit: Troy R. Bennett / BDN BRIDGTON, Maine — Billy Dolliver’s blue eyes twinkled at the mountain[…] - Emissions from road traffic and domestic heating behind b...
Emissions from road traffic and domestic heating behind breaches of EU air quality standards across Europe
Breaches of EU air quality limits for nitrogen dioxide across Europe were predominantly due to road traffic, while domestic heating lay behind the majority of exceedances for particulate matter, according to a European Environment Agency (EEA) assessment on air quality plans published today. - Hardly any past Winter Olympic host cities will have the ...
Hardly any past Winter Olympic host cities will have the snow to host in 60 years
By Clarisa Diaz and Elizabeth Miller Rain, wet snow, and shallow snow are all expected to increase at former Olympic venues over the coming decades, according to a new study led by researchers from the University of Waterloo. It projects that nearly all prior host cities for the Olympics will see weather conditions that make it difficult to hold outdoor winter sports competitions. The[…] - Circular business models and smarter design can reduce en...
Circular business models and smarter design can reduce environment and climate impacts from textiles
Textile consumption in Europe has on average the fourth highest impacts on the environment and climate, following consumption of food, housing and mobility. Ahead of the expected European Union (EU) strategy for sustainable and circular textiles, the European Environment Agency (EEA) published today two briefings that look at measures to reduce those impacts, including on resource use, greenhouse gas emissions[…] - Europe's environmental taxes in decline, despite pot...
Europe's environmental taxes in decline, despite potentially crucial role
The European Green Deal acknowledges the crucial role of taxation in Europe’s sustainability transition. A new European Environment Agency (EEA) briefing, published today, shows that revenues from environmental taxes can support transition investments but future revenue streams from these taxes will erode as European Union (EU) environmental and climate policy objectives are achieved. The relative share of environmental taxes to[…] - Economic losses from weather and climate-related extremes...
Economic losses from weather and climate-related extremes in Europe reached around half a trillion euros over past 40 years
Extreme weather events like storms, heatwaves and flooding accounted for economic losses of around half a trillion euros over the past 40 years and led to between 85 000 and 145 000 human fatalities across Europe. Less than one-third of these losses were insured, according to a European Environment Agency (EEA) analysis of economic losses and fatalities from weather and[…] - How green are European cities? Green space key to well-be...
How green are European cities? Green space key to well-being – but access varies
High-quality green and blue spaces in cities, like parks, allotments, riverbanks and coastlines, are crucial for health and well-being, in particular for the elderly, children and people on low incomes. However, a European Environment Agency (EEA) briefing, published today, shows that access is not equal. - Data may be Colorado’s best bet to mitigate increas...
Data may be Colorado’s best bet to mitigate increasing wildfire risk on the Front Range
By Michael Booth, The Colorado Sun and John Upton, Climate Central Grass fires have threatened the meadows and homes near Chatridge Court and U.S. 85 three times in five years, and firefighters work hard to keep flames from moving over the hill into thousands of homes in Highlands Ranch. These photos are from the 2016 Chatridge fire. (South Metro Fire[…]
Science
- NSF announces $100 million investment in National Artific...
NSF announces $100 million investment in National Artificial Intelligence Research Institutes awards to secure American leadership in AI
The U.S. National Science Foundation, in partnership with Capital One and Intel, today announced a $100 million investment to support five National Artificial Intelligence Research Institutes and a central community hub. These institutes will drive… - Statement from NSF Chief of Staff Brian Stone, performing...
Statement from NSF Chief of Staff Brian Stone, performing the duties of the NSF Director, on the White House AI Action Plan
The White House's AI Action Plan sends a clear message: the United States is all-in on winning the future of artificial intelligence. This road map removes barriers to American innovation and reaffirms our commitment to seizing the opportunities of… - NSF Graduate Research Fellow helps turn 'forever che...
NSF Graduate Research Fellow helps turn 'forever chemicals' into valuable resource
"Forever chemicals" are everywhere — from Teflon pans and dental floss to raincoats and microwave popcorn bags. Known as PFAS, these chemicals (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are noted for their resistance to heat, oil and water. That same… - Podcast: Unlocking the fourth state of matter [plasma]
Podcast: Unlocking the fourth state of matter [plasma]
The fourth state of matter, plasma, is involved in several aspects of how modern microelectronic components are manufactured. Jeremiah Williams, a professor at Wittenberg University and a program director at the U.S. National Science Foundation… - New axolotl study gives researchers a leg up in work towa...
New axolotl study gives researchers a leg up in work towards limb regeneration
Researchers supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation have discovered that it is not how much of a key molecule that allows axolotls to regenerate limbs properly, it is how little. This new knowledge moves researchers closer to enabling… - NSF releases USAP SAHCS findings report
NSF releases USAP SAHCS findings report
The U.S. National Science Foundation released the first Sexual Assault and Harassment Climate Survey (SAHCS) findings report for the United States Antarctic Program (USAP). Results from the survey help expand agency understanding of sexual assault… - Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS observed by NSF-funded Gemini...
Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS observed by NSF-funded Gemini North telescope
Using the Gemini North telescope in Hawaii, astronomers have captured an image of comet 3I/ATLAS, an interstellar object that was first detected on July 1, 2025, by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) for which the comet was… - New AI model could revolutionize U.S manufacturing
New AI model could revolutionize U.S manufacturing
Artificial intelligence has transformed fields like medicine and finance, but it hasn't gained much traction in manufacturing. Factories present a different challenge for AI: They are structured, fast-paced environments that rely on precision and… - Voltage Park joins NSF-led National AI Research Resource ...
Voltage Park joins NSF-led National AI Research Resource pilot to expand access to advanced computing
The U.S. National Science Foundation is proud to announce a new partnership with Voltage Park in support of the National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource (NAIRR) pilot — a transformative public-private initiative designed to drive U.S. AI… - Podcast: The unnatural nature of metamaterials
Podcast: The unnatural nature of metamaterials
Metamaterials are a special class of engineered materials, designed to have properties not found in nature. Glaucio Paulino, a professor at Princeton University, discusses his work on developing modular chiral origami metamaterials, engineering… - AI that delivers smarter glucose predictions without comp...
AI that delivers smarter glucose predictions without compromising privacy
Managing diabetes is a daily challenge faced by nearly 40 million Americans. It involves tracking food intake, timing medication and engaging in physical activity. Getting it wrong can lead to serious health issues; therefore, developing better… - NSF Graduate Research Fellow contribution to flight could...
NSF Graduate Research Fellow contribution to flight could aid disaster relief
With the devastating hurricanes that swept the southeastern United States at the end of 2024, new and better ways to get critical supplies to disaster zones and rural areas are essential. U.S. National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow…
Politics & Society
- New Horizons for the Northern Forum: Welcoming New Member...
New Horizons for the Northern Forum: Welcoming New Members, Goodwill Ambassadors, and Walter Hickel Medal Laureates!
July 28, 2025, at the XVI General Assembly of the Northern Forum in Khanty-Mansiysk, we are proud to announce a significant expansion of our family! These additions strengthen our mission for the sustainable development of northern regions and open new prospects for global partnership. - Nenets Autonomous Okrug Takes Over Northern Forum Chairma...
Nenets Autonomous Okrug Takes Over Northern Forum Chairmanship
The Nenets Autonomous Okrug has officially assumed the chairmanship of the Northern Forum. Ruslan Kukharuk, Governor of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, presented the symbol of chairmanship for 2025-2027 to Irina Gekht, Acting Governor of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. - XVI General Assembly of the Northern Forum
XVI General Assembly of the Northern Forum
Khanty-Mansiysk, July 28 this year – A landmark meeting of the Northern Forum Board of Governors successfully took place in the Amadeus Hall of the "Yugra-Classic" Concert and Theatre Center. The event brought together key representatives from Russia's northern regions and international partners to discuss pressing issues of sustainable development in the Arctic and northern territories. - AI event: World’s leading Artificial General Intell...
AI event: World’s leading Artificial General Intelligence conference to be held in Reykjavík
The world’s leading Artificial General Intelligence conference will be held in Reykjavík, Iceland, uniting global AI leaders in research, ethics, and engineering. The AGI Conference, AGI-25, is to be held between 10th and 13th August at Reykjavik University, organised by the AGI Society. The event is the world’s longest-running event dedicated exclusively to Artificial General […] The post AI event:[…] - World’s most powerful quantum computer to be invest...
World’s most powerful quantum computer to be invested in by Denmark
As part of a collaboration between Denmark’s state-owned credit fund and Novo Nordisk Foundation, the country is investing in the world’s most powerful quantum computer, with the aim of progressing in various areas, including drug discovery and materials science. According to a statement released by the Novo Nordisk Foundation and Denmark’s Export and Investment Fund, […] The post World’s most[…] - Two-week heatwave in Finland reaches historical levels
Two-week heatwave in Finland reaches historical levels
According to the Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland’s two-week heatwave is reaching historic levels for the amount of consecutive hot days, with temperatures exceeding 25°C across the country. As stated by the Institute, Finland has only once seen a heatwave of equal length, back in 1972. The Finnish Meteorological Institute confirmed that this coming weekend will […] The post Two-week heatwave[…] - Major oil and gas discovery made in Norwegian Sea
Major oil and gas discovery made in Norwegian Sea
A major oil and gas discovery has been made at the Vidsyn prospect in the Norwegian Sea by the Norwegian oil company, Vaar Energi. Speaking in a statement, Vaar explained that initial estimates show that the discovery holds recoverable reserves between 25 million and 40 million barrels of oil. Vaar Energi explained that it will […] The post Major oil[…] - Approved hunting area for Baltic ringed seals reduced in ...
Approved hunting area for Baltic ringed seals reduced in Finland
Finland’s Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry has announced new regulations on the hunting of Baltic ringed seals, isolating the approved hunting zone to the Bothnian Bay-Kvarken area only. Speaking in a press release, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry explained that the hunting of seals can only take place in the Bothnian Bay-Kvarken area, and […] The post Approved hunting[…] - Iceland sees gold at 2025 Dance World Cup dance event
Iceland sees gold at 2025 Dance World Cup dance event
As reported by RÚV, Iceland has won the top prize in the ‘Song and Dance’ category at the 2025 Dance World Cup dance event, which took place in Burgos, Spain. Iceland claimed the top spot at this year’s event, putting a stop to England’s years-long winning streak in the category. Iceland’s team was comprised of […] The post Iceland sees[…] - Volcano in Iceland: Eruption begins again in Reykjanes pe...
Volcano in Iceland: Eruption begins again in Reykjanes peninsula
The volcano in Iceland’s Reykjanes peninsula, located in the south-west of the country, has once again erupted, marking the ninth eruption since 2023. The Icelandic Meteorological Office has stated that the volcano’s fissure was approximately 2.4 km in length, with a second opening measuring around 500 metres in length. Residents in nearby Grindavík have been […] The post Volcano in[…] - The Arctic Century Moves to a New Website
The Arctic Century Moves to a New Website
Thank you for being with us and continuing to move forward together. We are always happy to host a platform for our dear experts to share their opinions and analyses of key events in the North, as well as provide timely commentary and insights into Arctic affairs. The Arctic Century has gained the authority of a […] Сообщение The Arctic Century[…] - The Arctic Century Moves to a New Website
The Arctic Century Moves to a New Website
Thank you for being with us and continuing to move forward together. We are always happy to host a platform for our dear experts to share their opinions and analyses of key events in the North, as well as provide timely commentary and insights into Arctic affairs. The Arctic Century has gained the authority of a […] Сообщение The Arctic Century[…]
Resources
- The world's deepest marathon ever to be held in the ...
The world's deepest marathon ever to be held in the Garpenberg mine
On October 25, Boliden, together with the global mining and metals organization ICMM and the learning and development organization BecomingX, will… - Boliden Q2 2025: New mines are successfully on board
Boliden Q2 2025: New mines are successfully on board
"Our underlying cash flow is strong and our production all-in-all is stable, despite challenging market conditions and extensive planned maintenance… - Invitation to presentation of Boliden's Q2 2025 report
Invitation to presentation of Boliden's Q2 2025 report
Boliden will announce its Interim Report for the second quarter 2025 on Friday July 18 at 07:45 (CEST). A press and analyst conference will be held… - Report on payments to government agencies in 2024
Report on payments to government agencies in 2024
Boliden is today publishing its report of payments to government agencies in accordance with Swedish Law (2015:812) on the reporting of payments to… - Long term financing for Somincor and Zinkgruvan acquisiti...
Long term financing for Somincor and Zinkgruvan acquisition in place
"The acquisition of Somincor and Zinkgruvan is pivotal to the long-term development of Boliden. I am of course very pleased that we now have… - Boliden updates Green Finance Framework
Boliden updates Green Finance Framework
Since the launch of Boliden's inaugural Green Finance Framework in May 2022, Boliden has raised its climate ambition throughout the value chain. For… - Communiqué from Boliden's Annual General Meeting
Communiqué from Boliden's Annual General Meeting
Boliden's Annual General Meeting was held on April 23, 2025 live in Aitik and through postal voting. Board of Directors The Meeting resolved on the… - Boliden's Q1 2025: A solid start to our second century
Boliden's Q1 2025: A solid start to our second century
"We are proud to build a European base metal champion." - Mikael Staffas, President and CEO. Financials · Revenues: SEK 21,121 m (18,481) … - Boliden has completed the acquisition of Somincor (Neves-...
Boliden has completed the acquisition of Somincor (Neves-Corvo) and Zinkgruvan
The acquisition of Somincor and Zinkgruvan is now complete and the companies will be consolidated into Boliden as of April 16, 2025. On December 9,… - Invitation presentation of Boliden's Q1 2025 report
Invitation presentation of Boliden's Q1 2025 report
Boliden will announce its Interim Report for the first quarter 2025 on Wednesday April 23 at 07:45 (CEST). A press and analyst conference will be…
